Egyptian Museum

While this famous museum is often called The Cairo Museum, it is actually The Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. It is a a fascinating, overwhelming, incredible place.It has 120,000 items, with a representative amount on display, the remainder in storerooms.During the Egyptian Revolution of 2011, the museum was broken into, and two mummies were reportedly destroyed.Several artifacts were also shown to have been damaged.

 The Egyptian Museum was first built in Boulak. In 1891, it was moved to Giza Palace of "Ismail Pasha" which housed the antiquities that were later moved to the present building. The Egyptian Museum is situated at Tahrir square in Cairo. It was built during the reign of Khedive Abbass Helmi II in 1897, and opened on November 15, 1902 .It has 107 halls. At the ground floor there are the huge statues. The upper floor houses small statues, jewels, Tutankhamon treasures and the mummies.

The Museum also comprises a photography section and a large library. The Egyptian museum comprises many sections arranged in chronological order:-

• 
  
  The first section houses Tutankhamon's
  treasures.There is little doubt that the most famous icon from Ancient Egypt is the funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
  It is a stunning example of the Ancient goldsmith's art.
  The mask itself is made of solid gold, inlaid with lapis lazuli, cornelian, quartz, obsidian, turquoise and colored glass.The Gold Mask of Tutankhamun, composed of 11 kg of solid gold.
  The Cairo Museum contains a great deal of Tutankhamun's 'treasure' in addition to the Mask.

  

  The Gold Mask of Tutankhamun

  
  

• The second section houses the pre-dynasty and the Old Kingdom monuments.
  

• The third section houses the first intermediate period and the Middle Kingdom monuments.
  

• The forth section houses the monuments of the Modern Kingdom.

• The fifth section houses the monuments of the late period and the Greek and Roman periods.

• The sixth section houses coins and papyrus. there is an extensive collection of papyrus and coins used in the Ancient world. The numerous pieces of papyrus are generally small fragments, due to their decay over the past two millennia. Several languages are found on these pieces, including Greek, Latin, Arabic, and the Ancient Egyptian writing language of hieroglyphs. The coins found on this floor are made of many different metals, including gold, silver, and bronze. The coins are not only Egyptian, but also Greek, Roman, and Islamic. This has helped historians research the history of Ancient Egyptian trade.

• The seventh section houses sarcophagi and scraps.

Egyptian mummies

A hall for the royal mummies was opened at the museum, housing eleven kings and queens. More than a million and half tourists visit the museum annually, in addition to half a million Egyptians.

Therefore, if you go to the Egyptian Museum, you will spend a wonderful time and very interesting and you will see already the greatest civilization in history it is the ancient Egyptian civilization of a special nature and effects that have not previously seen before. You'll learn how ancient Egyptians were great in all areas, embalming, architecture, military , agricultural and commercial center. You'll also learn history of Pharaoh of Egypt

ref:-
touregypt.net
wikipedia.org

The Vital Role Of Tahrir Square In Egyptain Revolution 2011

The Vital Role Of Tahrir Square In Egyptian Revolution 2011

25/01/2011 hestorical day in egypt for current generation and coming ones.it's the day of egyptian revolution begined from Tahrir Square the godfather of egyptian revolution.The demonstrations inspired the world. They were a dramatic and moving outpouring of the people’s desire for an end to Mubarak’s oppressive regime, and the corruption, infringement of people’s rights, and brutality associated with the 40-year enforcement of the ‘state of emergency’. The desire for self-government was passionately voiced.

Tahrir Square is a sprawling, amorphous, open space on the east bank of the Nile at the center of Cairo. The east side of the Square is bounded by Haussmann-inspired seven story buildings containing many hotels with some shops at street level. On the opposite side, between the square and the river are monumental, free-standing buildings, including a fifteen story hotel. At the north end is the Egyptian Museum, at the south are government offices. By different estimates there are at least eight, and perhaps as many as twenty-three streets and two bridges leading into it, making it impossible to close off the square.
When protests erupted on January 25, peaceful demonstrators from all over the city started marching toward Tahrir Square  The square was a magnet partly because of its central location and symbolic name — Tahrir means "liberation" — and partly because of its history as the scene of dissent. Earlier demonstrations, however, such as those against the Iraq War, were much smaller, and quickly quashed by police. This time demonstrators were determined to occupy and hold the square — to symbolically reclaim it. Violence between the security forces of the Interior Ministry and protesters broke out on the evening of Jan. 25, and the square began to empty; but the use of excessive force then made Tahrir an even more potent 
symbol, and spurred the larger protests that started on Jan. 28; by this point an estimated 30,000 people had gathered. State security, too, recognized the growing symbolism of the place and took still more vigorous measures to fortify the area, using water cannons, tear gas, rubber bullets and live ammunition against crowds of people equipped mostly with cameras and cell phones. And so on Jan. 28 the battle shifted yet again; now the goal was not only to defeat state security forces and to topple the regime but also to claim the square as the main stage of events and to transform it into the epicenter of the revolution.
During the next few days, as the state police retreated and protesters gained control, Mubarak sent paid thugs to attack citizens with sticks, knives and Molotov cocktails, and in a desperate and surreal move, he also sent plainclothes officers on horseback and camel back. There were violent moments, we know; but once these ended what remained was a new Tahrir Square, quickly dubbed the "free people’s republic of Tahrir."

Egyptians In 25 Jan Revolution

Entry points were manned by volunteers who checked for weapons and identification — denying entry to anyone employed by the Interior Ministry. Outside the checkpoints, long cues formed and people waited patiently for hours. Once inside, past the checkpoints, new arrivals walked through long rows of men and women who welcomed them with cheers. By this point the military were standing by, at the entrances, helping to secure the area. The square now belonged to the people who had defeated the regime’s efforts to disperse and defuse the young revolution; by this point the crowds had grown to an estimated 400,000. And for the next two weeks, what happened in Tahrir was more than a demonstration; it was the creation of a dynamic and resourceful community of citizens brought together by the shared goal of bringing true democracy to Egypt. 

During these days Tahrir became a hub for social activity and artistic creativity. People sold food and drinks, set up recycling bins and portable toilets, organized the logistics of daily life. Protest signs were humorous and creative. One said, “Step down, my wife is about to have a baby and he doesn’t want to see you.” Another said, “Thanks for bringing us together. Now leave.” And yet another, held aloft by 
a stoic young man: “Step down
already, my arms hurt.” Throughout the square bloggers were streaming comments and images onto the Internet. Doctors and nurses were providing free healthcare in impromptu clinics. Filmmakers were interviewing protesters and creating an instant archive, a visual and oral record of history as it was unfolding. Musicians, professional and amateur, wrote songs and tested them on eager audiences. There were poets, puppeteers and comedians. Art teachers provided supplies and then displayed the artworks that resulted on a public wall. There was even an artist who painted a large canvas that invited protestors to participate in its making. Tahrir Square had been transformed not only into a social and public space but also into the biggest spontaneous event of community-organizing and nation-building the country had ever seen. With the protection of the army, as the security threat abated, Tahrir took on the atmosphere of a carnival. 


But the occupation of Tahrir Square, day and night, by mass numbers of peaceful protestors, had an over-arching purpose: to bring international attention to the demands of the people, to force the government to step down, and to pressure the military — constitutionally obligated to protect the people not the regime — to take action and topple Mubarak. And ultimately it was this peaceful occupation of an important urban space in the nation's major city that brought down a repressive and tenacious government.


 February 11, 2011 is the day Mubarak stepped down. revolution has been spontaneous, nonviolent, young, cheerful, humorous, beautiful, hopeful. It has been a wonderful revolution.
Mubarak's resignation was announced by his vicepresident, Omar Suleiman, in a very brief statement in which he said the President quit and transferred his powers to the military. The military issued their third communique in which they affirmed that they will abide by the revolutionary legitimacy and only serve to guarantee a peaceful transfer of power, and saluted the fallen martyrs of the revolution.
The last 24 hours have been extremely tense, with people waiting for Mubarak's resignation only to get a disappointing speech by Mubarak followed by justified outrage and an intent to escalate and march to the presidential palace and to other vital buildings, including the State TV and Radio building. In the days following Mubarak’s resignation, thousands took to the streets with cleaning supplies, brooms and 


trash bags; they were responding to spontaneous nationwide calls by activists and concerned citizens. Cleaning efforts had begun in Tahrir just days after the start of the revolution, but with Mubarak truly gone, Egyptians wanted to clean — to cleanse — the entire country, to rid it of trash, of the old regime. Cairenes scoured their city, and many give Tahrir special attention. Streets were swept, anti-regime graffiti removed, statues were washed. Artists and students painted patriotic slogans on blank walls: "Welcome to the new Egypt," "From Egypt with love," and "25 January Revolution." Construction companies dispatched volunteers to move mounds of trash to landfills. A true sense of civic pride, suppressed for decades, has blossomed. 


References :-

touregypt.net

Tahrir Square - Egypt

Tahrir Square - Egypt

Tahrir Square in 1941

The square was originally called "Ismailia Square" . after the 19th-century ruler Khedive Ismail, who commissioned the new downtown district's 'Paris on the Nile' design. After the Egyptian Revolution of 1919 the square became widely known as Tahrir (Liberation) Square, but the square was not officially renamed until the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, which changed Egypt from a constitutional monarchy into a republic. The square was a focal point for the Egyptian Revolution of 2011.

Tahrir Square 2011

The citycentre is filled with institutions, commercial establishments, governmental offices, universities, and countless hotels, creating a dense pattern of constant activity. The ever-busy Midan al-Tahrir is one of the main and largest public squares; the absolute center of the city. You can go to anywhere from there ( Cairo Airport.Nile River,Metro).You also will find all kind of hotels,you can shopping for what you need

 

Northeast of Tahrir and centered on Talaat Harb Street is the bustling commercial downtown district. The city's main train station at Midan Ramses marks the city center’s northern extent. Heading east, the city center ends at Midan al-Ataba where medieval Islamic Cairo takes over. Opposite downtown area is the island of Gezirah linked to Tahrir Square by the famous lion guarded bridge, Kasr al-Nil, while al-Rodah Island - home of al-Manasterly Palace - lies just further to the south.

Tahrir Square, is typical of the more modern, commercial centre of Cairo; it houses numerous important old and modern structures in addition to it being a public transport hub, all of which have turned the square into one of the most important and busiestareas in the city. However, Tahrir Square witnessed a series of past events and changes of regimes throughout the history of the country.

Tahrir Square is a sprawling, amorphous, open space on the east bank of the Nile at the center of Cairo. The east side of the Square is bounded by Haussmann-inspired seven story buildings containing many hotels with some shops at street level. On the opposite side, between the square and the river are monumental, free-standing buildings, including a fifteen story hotel. At the north end is the Egyptian Museum, at the south are government offices. By different estimates there are at least eight, and perhaps as many as twenty-three streets and two bridges leading into it, making it impossible to close off the square.

Egyptain Revolution 2011

And we will explain the vital role of tahrir square in Egyptain Revolution 2011 .

The Nile River

                                                      The Nile is the longest rive in the world, stretching north for approximately 4,000 miles from East Africa to the Mediterranean. Studies have shown that the River (Iteru, meaning, simply, River, as the Egyptians called it) gradually changed its location and size over millions of years. The Nile flows from the mountains in the south to the Mediterranean in the north.

Ancient Egyptian

-  In the ancient Egyptian language, the Nile is called Ḥ'pī or iteru, meaning "great river", represented by the hieroglyphs shown on the left (literally itrw, and 'waters' determinative) In Coptic, the words piaro (Sahidic) or phiaro (Bohairic) meaning "the river" (lit. p(h).iar-o "the.canal-great") come from the same ancient name.

Three rivers flowed into the Nile from the south and thus served as its sources: the Blue Nile which originates at Lake Victoria, the White Nile which originates at Lake Tana in Ethiopia and the Arbara. These rivers meet in Sudan and then go on their long journey northwards towards the sea. The White Nile is a lot bigger than the Blue Nile, but because of losses along the way the it only contributes about 15% to the flow of the combined Nile. The Blue Nile, rising in Ethiopia, contributes about 85% to the flow of the Nile that passes through Egypt to the Mediterranean. Within the southern section between Aswan and Khartoum, land which was called Nubia, the River passes through formations of hard igneous rock, resulting in a series of rapids, or cataracts, which form a natural boundary to the south. Between the first and second cataracts lay Lower Nubia, and between the second and sixth cataracts lay upper Nubia.

Along most of its length through Egypt, the Nile has scoured a deep, wide gorge in the desert plateau. At Aswan North of the first cataract the Nile is deeper and its surface smoother. Downstream from Aswan the Nile flows northerly to Armant before taking a sharp bend, called the Qena. From Armant to Hu, the River extends about 180 kilometers and divides the narrow southern valley from the wider northern valley.

Southern Egypt, thus being upstream, is called Upper Egypt, and northern Egypt, being downstream and the Delta, is called Lower Egypt. In addition to the Valley and the Delta, the Nile also divided Egypt into the Eastern and Western Deserts.

 Interesting Facts about the River Nile:

Nile River

• The Nile River is the longest river in the world.
• The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea.
• The largest source of the Nile is Lake Victoria.
• The Nile has a length of about 6,695 kilometers (4,160 miles).
• Its average discharge is 3.1 million liters (680,000 gallons) per second.
• The Nile basin is huge and includes parts of Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Congo (Kinshasa), Kenya.
• The name Nile comes from the Greek “neilos”, which means valley.
• The Ancient Egyptians called the river Ar or Aur (black) because of the color of the sediment left after the river’s annual flood. 

 *If you travel to Egypt you will see more and more of landscapes ,really you will enjoy your days in Egypt.

References :-

woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk

touregypt.net

Cairo

Cairo is the capital of Egypt and

built on both sides of the River Nile.

Cairo is a historical city and a thriving metropolis.

Midan Tahrir is the central area of

Cairo is Garden City an upmarket

suburb close to the city center and

Midan Ramses the area around the railway station.

Tahrir Square

Cairo ("el Qaheera" in Arabic) is not just the capital city of Egypt, it's also the industrial and commercial heart of this gateway country which lies at the junction of Europe, Africa and the Middle East. Though by western standards Egypt and Cairo might seem alien, the country as a whole and Cairo in particular is cosmopolitan by the standards of its eastern, western and southern neighbors. Women walk the streets without veils if they choose, despite its predominantly Muslim population, own cars and have jobs.

Coptic (eastern orthodox Christian) churches mingle with Arabic neighborhoods, nestling up against coffee shops, between mosques, and overlooking parks, highways and - to the north of the city - agricultural areas fertilized since time immemorial by the fertile waters of the Nile. You could stay at a beautiful Eco-village beach side resort from where you can take day trips out to the Marine Park Reserve, a local off-shore reef where you can go swimming with dolphins.

What To Visit In Egypt ?
1- the River Nile.
2- Tahrir Square
See also vital role of tahrir square in Egyp Revolution 2011 .

Sitemap